Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Baby Girl versus Adoptive Couple Essay - 1552 Words

There was a court case, Baby Girl v. Adoptive Couple, in which a child who was partially Cherokee Indian, because of her father, and Hispanic, because of her mother. The adoption of Baby Girl was a difficult one due to the fact that she has an ancestry of Cherokee Indian. Therefore, under the Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA), the adoption of Baby Girl seemed impossible because Biological Father had the right to have custody of his child, Baby Girl, if he chose to. So, the court greatly sees that by giving Baby Girl back to Biological Father would be in the child’s best interest under the ICWA, because there is the assumption that if she is with her Biological Father and her culture, she will not suffer any type of emotional distress. For†¦show more content†¦Therefore, from a very young age, Baby Girl might have questioned why she did not share the same physical features as her parents; thus, causing her to have a failed ethnic identity. In a 1987 study, conducted by S imon and Alstein, an Indian adopted child stated, â€Å"It bothers me that I’m Indian. People don’t look up to Indians. The whites always fought the Indians and the Indians got beat. We aren’t looked up to. There is nothing special about being Indian† (Sindelar, 2004). This clearly indicates that the native adoptee feels inferior to his White adoptive parents; therefore, the child was obviously unable to fully integrate into the White culture without feeling inferior. In the case of Baby Girl v. Adoptive Couple, she may have been at risk to feeling the same inferiority due to the extreme exposure of the White culture and the lack of exposure and pride towards her own ethnicity; therefore, causing possibilities of distress and discomfort in her own skin. Sindelar suggests that there is a phenomenon known as the Split-Feather Syndrome, in which â€Å"social, psychological, and emotional disabilities — among expatriated Indian people, i.e., those who were placed and raised in non-Indian homes† (2004). The Split-Feather Syndrome may be due to the extremities in culture difference between Indian and other cultures. For instance, the ideologies of child-rearing, family bonding,Show MoreRelatedAdoption Of The American Dream1622 Words   |  7 Pagesfamilies, adoptive families are created through the law. Even if a child is raised by an adult throughout their whole life, they won’t be recognized as their own until they are adopted. Adoption didn’t come around until the mid-nineteenth century. You have to go through a state court and have good reasons why the child should be adopted by you. Once a child is adopted and it is finalized by the court in the final hearing, the birth parent has no rights over the child. The new adoptive parents haveRead MoreThe Gift Of Adoption By Dr. Jane Aronson1586 Words   |  7 PagesAdoption, an extensive process, allows individuals who have been given up or taken away from thei r biological parent(s) the opportunity to be welcomed into the loving and warm embrace of adoptive parent(s). Adopting a child is a such a unique experience and it takes a person with a lot of heart and courage to do so. Carried in Our Hearts: THE GIFT OF ADOPTION: Inspiring Stories of Families Created Across Continents written by Dr. Jane Aronson is a beautiful tribute to the process of adoption. Read MoreThe Many Benefits of Adoption2071 Words   |  9 Pageswoman who cannot have children of their own, a newborn baby, and a single mother who will certainly be unable to provide for the infant due to her young age, lack of financial support, or another variety of unfortunate circumstances. Making the decision to adopt a child is without a doubt one of the best options available for couples who are unable to conceive, but by thinking of adoption as nothing more than the fallback option for childless couples, adopting a child doesn’t even come to mind for theRead MoreA Study Of Intactness Of Adoptive Families And Behavioral Problems Of Older Children4176 Words   |  17 Pages The Older Adopted Child: A Study of Intactness of Adoptive Families and Behavioral Problems of Older Children Sarah A. Kell University of California Riverside â€Æ' Abstract The older adopted child is a unique case of adoption where the child is of school age. The definition of what constitutes a case of older child adoption has changed numerous times over 20th century, but school age is currently the definition for an older child. This means children as early as five years old are considered difficultRead MoreEssay on Same Sex Couples Adoption Rights2243 Words   |  9 PagesShould Same Sex Couples Have the Same Adoption Rights as Heterosexual Couples? Krystal Davis COM/220 March 13, 2012 Barbara Plyler Should Same Sex Couples Have the Same Adoption Rights as Heterosexual Couples? In 2008, President Barack Obama stated there are too many children who need loving parents to deny one group of people adoption rights (eQuality, 2005). A child will benefit from a healthy, loving home, whether the parents are gay or not (eQuality, 2005). With thatRead MoreThe Movie Juno Is Not Only Cute And Quirky1698 Words   |  7 Pagesher the baby has finger nails (Malkovich et al., 2007). Although this is bothersome to Juno she continues into the clinic but once inside she feels alienated by the bureaucracy of the clinic, and ultimately decides not to go through with the abortion(Malkovich et al., 2007). After leaving the clinic Juno talks to her friend Leah who helps Juno decide to give her baby up for adoption (Malkovich et al., 2007). Juno immediately begins searching ads and finds a suitable home for her baby. She thenRead MoreGay Adoptions- Pros and Cons/Ethical Views1851 Words   |  8 Pagessame-sex marriage but Homosexual couples married in those states are still facing obstacles when it comes to becoming parents through adoption. Some states allow it, some states ban it. Not only are they fighting their way to be viewed as an equal marriage with the same rights a Heterosexual couple have, but many claim they should also have the right to adopt thus giving adopted children a secure emotional and stable home making such adoptions ethical. Adoptions by gay couples is ethical because they haveRead MoreI Had Pity For Both Morgan And Kiki During This Period1421 Words   |  6 Pagescan blame yourself...for doing exactly what I begged you not to do!...I knew you were a liar.. .I knew you were a pathetic, petty little girl who would break my son s heart...hell, we all failed Morgan didn t we?! Get out! Kiki was left to bawl in Sonny s arms, and I was howling laughing on the floor. I never understood why Carly didn t hate Kiki, when the girl had a hand in permanently tarnishing Michael and Morgan s relationship. She had more contempt for Sabrina! Carly and Alexis tag-teamedRead MoreLife of a Teenager7946 Words   |  32 Pagesadulthood† (Ernisch). Families should stay intact or their teenagers will develop many problems,   Love relationships affect teenagers because some become less interested in their education and more with their boyfriend or girlfriend. Most teenage girls have reported about being abused by their boyfriend. As shown in an article, â€Å"They note that over 25 percent of adolescents are victims of dating violence or aggression, and that dating violence precedes martial violence in up to 50 percent of cases†(asRead MoreTaking a Look at Adolescent Pregnancy2571 Words   |  10 Pages Adolescent pregnancy is defined as pregnancy in girls age nineteen or younger. There are different risk factors for adolescent pregnancy. Besides being young, some of them include: poor school performance and not graduating college, or in most cases high school, lower socio economic status and not being able to take care of themselves let alone another person, and older male partners who do not usually want to be involved in their child’s life, which ends up leaving parents to raise their ch ildren

Role of Emotions in the Workplace-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Demonstrate a Critical consideration of the role Personality or Emotions play in the Workplace through a critical review of the literature. Answer: Introduction Personality refers to the thoughts, emotions and behavioral pattern which are unique in every individual. The professional life is affected by an individuals work environment, personal characteristics and the behavior and attribute of the client. The personality traits of an individual are inherent and it is difficult to change them. The tendencies of an individual are affected by ones personality such as the preference for extroversion or introversion. The different types of personality test depict the various categories of temperament but they cannot distinguish what type of melancholy person is highly ambitious(Sotu, 2015). An employee with a good and decent personality is fun loving, energetic, social and outgoing. Moreover, an employee with high level of emotional intelligence can properly communicate with others, manage his or her impulses, solve the problems and can also build good rapport with the other employees even in tensed situations. There are various kinds of personali ty test. However, this paper will highlight the Big Five model which comprises of the five major domains such as neuroticism, openness to experience, extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness. It is important to analyze the impact of these workplace factors as well as individual factors on the employees(Leutner et al., 2014). Literature Review Zhou, Meier Spector (2014) carried out a study among the job stressors and personality of the employees in counterproductive work behavior (CWB). They found out that this behavior affects the organization in a negative way. They also discussed the potential reasons for the effect of conscientiousness, agreeableness and emotional stability on the relationship between stressor and CWB. They also found out that people who are highly agreeable are more co-operative than the others. Moreover, the people who are highly conscientious are cautious and responsible in their job and the individuals with high state of emotional stability have low chances of negative emotions. However according to Hulsheger et al., (2013), proper attention reduces work stress and emotional exhausation and helps the employees in getting the desired job satisfaction. Attention and mindfulness has gained attention both in the organizational and industrial research. They also conducted a cross sectional study and fo und out the direct and indirect relationship between balancing the work-family life and paying proper attention to their work. In many cases, the employees get emotional when they interact with the laborers and thus they had to manage their emotions on their own. Wagner, Barnes Scott (2014) opined that the emotional status of an employee varies across time. In many service oriented jobs, the employees had to follow the rules and it is mandatory to display the positive emotions and suppress their negative effects. They also highlighted certain factors which are important in maintaining a positive attitude in the workplace such as work-to-family conflict, emotional exhaustion and insomnia. It has been found that the employees spend more time outside the office than doing their work. They also found out that the work-family conflict not only hampers their personal and family life but it also increases their job stress. According to Ju et al., (2015), social support affects the workplace and it helps to find out the relationship between the exhaustion of teachers and their emotional intelligence. This burnout is associated with low job resource and high job demand in the market. In many cases, it is seen that the burnout in teaching environment is due to excessive stress which emerges when the work is considered as unrewarding, unchallenging and excludes positive feedback and recognition. The personal and the social resources are considered to encourage them in stressful situations. In addition to that, the positive support of the supervisors also lays a positive impact on the personality and traits of the employees. On the other hand, Kluemper, McLarty Bing (2015) opined that the big five personality test predicts the deviance in the workplace. Emotional stability conscientiousness and agreeableness have tried to show the three traits of the big five model which is predicted in the workplace. It i s important to know the personality measurement and the deviance in the workplace by a close study of the acquaintances. They also showed how the acquaintances rated personality differed can be explained and compared with the help of self-reports. They also gave a detailed explanation of how these acquaintances rated personality model may be integrated into an interactive and addictive model for enhancing the personality assessment test. These personality assessments also provide views and justification related to the varied traits of personality and also helps in predicting the outcomes in the workplace. According to Jia, Jia Karau (2013), there are certain situational factors which laid impact on the personality of an individual. They found out that an extrovert individual can positively impact the environment. Barrick, Mount Li (2013) predicted that purposeful work behavior helps in integrating the goals of higher order and it is derived from the varied models of personality such as five factor model. This will also help in expanding the job characteristics and to explain how these traits influences the job outcomes. Moreover, they also stated that personality traits help in initiating purposeful goals and these motivational forces co-ordinate with these job characteristics. The higher order implicit goals which are associated with the personality traits can be connected to psychological mechanisms. The varied psychological mechanism helps to categorize the dispositional tendencies which people feel, think and act. The personality traits help an individual to invest in varied personal resources such as emotional connections, mental attention and energetic activities. According to Sharma, Bottom Elfenbein (2013), individual differences helps in predicting the outcomes. The cognitive abili ty and the emotional intelligence helps in demonstrating the validity in varied measures of multiple outcomes. They also highlighted that the big five measures helped in measuring the varied outcomes of an individual except conscientiousness. They highlighted that the theoretical aspect of personality is consistent over time in judging the behavior of an individual. The five traits of the big five model emerged from validation and exhaustive analysis and it is based upon varied personality terms. Moreover, the big five model also helped in the construction of varied reliable and valid measures. They have highlighted the various traits of the big five model in different forms. They represented that the extrovert people may land up in difficult problems because of their sociable nature. But these extrovert people can build rapport with the individuals which is very important in the workplace. They developed a new form of personality trait known as unmitigated communion from the two im portant forms of trait, neuroticism and agreeableness. Critical analysis of the Big five Personality test with self-assessment The big five personality test helps a person to know their personality and where they stand in the five personality traits.. According to the big five personality model, the score for extraversion is 4.62(Refer to Appendix 1). This describes the tendency of an individual to think in complex and abstract ways. A person who is extrovert is suitable for the managerial position. They can motivate the team members and can manage the staffs efficiently. The extrovert individuals can encourage their staffs for meetings and other professional work. In times of conflict and confusion among the team members, an extrovert individual can solve the queries by addressing the issues openly and face-to-face. Moreover, an extrovert individual also has a good network with the individuals and they try to keep the individuals happy at the work place. An extrovert individual can also openly communicate with the individuals (Morsunbul, 2014). The scores in agreeableness is also moderate i.e. 4 (Refer Appendix 1). Agreeableness describes the tendency of an individual to prefer their own needs keeping aside the needs of the other individuals. They try to balance the needs of their own interest with that of the others. These people try to maintain healthy relationship with the people. The agreeable leaders can drive and seek consensus within the team. This can help them to create positive energy and contribute better in the workplace. This type of individual is fit to take any managerial position in the team. They can discuss any professional issues with the team members and try to solve them properly. Agreeable leaders tries to avoid unhealthy competition and they also sometimes fails to realize that other people are enjoying the competition and taking advantage of the situation(Wile De Fryut, 2014). The score in terms of conscientiousness is also high i.e.4 (Refer Appendix1). This type of behavior shows the ability of a person to exercise self-discipline in achieving their goals. These types of individuals are highly determined. The individuals who have high score in conscientiousness can excel in any managerial field. They can take fair decisions while managing the goals of the organization. Research indicates that conscientiousness people are thoughtful in their workplace and they try to help their co-workers in any situation. They can also switch to more attainable goals and encourage the team workers rather than discouraging them. Moreover, these people try to adhere to the norms of the company and implement it accordingly (Grijalva Newman, 2015). The score of neuroticism in the big five personality test is very low i.e. 1.87(Refer Appendix 1). These means that the individual has positive attitude in the workplace. He does not take into consideration the guilt, shame or fear. This type of individual is fit for any professional work because the individuals with low level of neuroticism take their job very seriously. Moreover, a person with low neurotic score does not easily get stressed out in any situation and handles them properly (Judge Zapata, 2015). The score for openness is moderate i.e. 3.1 (Refer Appendix 1). This means that the individual can think in a practical and straightforward way. They are comfortable and familiar with the things around them. This type of individual is suitable for any post in any profession. They are efficient and widely participate in any activity. They can also collaborate with the individuals and this requires a good deal in the organization. Conclusion Thus, it can be said that an employee with high level of emotional intelligence can work effectively and manage his or her own impulses of doing the work. They can always remain optimistic in any situation and maintain a good sense of humor. Moreover, an appealing personality of an individual can also help in increasing the job satisfaction of the employees and also reducing employees turnover It is important to measure the personality of the employees in the workplace for the smooth and efficient functioning of the company. Reference List Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., Li, N. (2013). The theory of purposeful work behavior: The role of personality, higher-order goals, and job characteristics.Academy of management review,38(1), 132-153. Big Five Personality Test. (2017).truity.com. Retrieved 3 August 2017, from https://www.truity.com/test/big-five-personality-test Grijalva, E., Newman, D. A. (2015). Narcissism and counterproductive work behavior (CWB): Meta?analysis and consideration of collectivist culture, Big Five personality, and narcissism's facet structure.Applied Psychology,64(1), 93-126. Hlsheger, U. R., Alberts, H. J., Feinholdt, A., Lang, J. W. (2013). Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), 310. Jia, H., Jia, R., Karau, S. (2013). Cyberloafing and personality: The impact of the Big Five traits and workplace situational factors.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,20(3), 358-365. Ju, C., Lan, J., Li, Y., Feng, W., You, X. (2015). The mediating role of workplace social support on the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and teacher burnout.Teaching and Teacher Education,51, 58-67. Judge, T. A., Zapata, C. P. (2015). The personsituation debate revisited: Effect of situation strength and trait activation on the validity of the Big Five personality traits in predicting job performance.Academy of Management Journal,58(4), 1149-1179. Kluemper, D. H., McLarty, B. D., Bing, M. N. (2015). Acquaintance ratings of the Big Five personality traits: Incremental validity beyond and interactive effects with self-reports in the prediction of workplace deviance.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(1), 237. Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). The relationship between the entrepreneurial personality and the Big Five personality traits.Personality and individual differences,63, 58-63. Morsunbul, U. (2014). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of quick big five personality test.Dusunen Adam,27(4), 316. Sharma, S., Bottom, W. P., Elfenbein, H. A. (2013). On the role of personality, cognitive ability, and emotional intelligence in predicting negotiation outcomes: A meta-analysis.Organizational Psychology Review,3(4), 293-336. Soto, C. J. (2015). Is happiness good for your personality? Concurrent and prospective relations of the big five with subjective well?being.Journal of Personality,83(1), 45-55. Wagner, D. T., Barnes, C. M., Scott, B. A. (2014). Driving it home: How workplace emotional labor harms employee home life.Personnel Psychology,67(2), 487-516. Wille, B., De Fruyt, F. (2014). Vocations as a source of identity: Reciprocal relations between Big Five personality traits and RIASEC characteristics over 15 years.Journal of Applied Psychology,99(2), 262. Zhou, Z. E., Meier, L. L., Spector, P. E. (2014). The role of personality and job stressors in predicting counterproductive work behavior: A three?way interaction.International Journal of Selection and Assessment,22(3), 286-296.

Wednesday, April 22, 2020

the truth be told Essays - English-language Films,

Aaron Howard Daniel Comp II 8 April 2011 The Truth be told The black society has undergone many tribulations and turmoil, from the time they were captured as slaves from Africa and brought over to the states to work on plantations and cotton farms; right up to the present. Or so it seems to be told by the black community, in the story ?A Raisin in the Sun? a point is illustrated that contradicts everything that is taught about oppression and hard times by showing a family that works together for the wellbeing of not themselves but of each other. The younger family was not well off and didn?t have much to call their own, but they had each other even though it seemed at times that the family was torn, the bond of love was still stronger than that of disagreement. Even though the family disagrees with one another they still try to get along and live together in the same house. The family overcomes great despair with the death of their father, grandfather, and husband which brings more turmoil to the family by the means of a life insurance check in the amount of ten thousand dollars which each member of the family wants to spend in a different way, but Mama has got a plan and sticks to it. (Shmoop Editorial Team). ?But the Youngers have a chance at a new beginning. Ten thousand dollars is coming in the mail, and Lena must decide what to do with it. Bennie hopes for tuition money, Walter hopes for the down payment on his liquor store, and Ruth just wants her family to be happy. Then three huge events happen: 1) Lena decides to buy a house for the family?in a white neighborhood, 2) Lena entrusts the rest of the money to Walter, advising him to save a good amount for Beneatha?s schooling, and 3) Walter loses all the money in the liquor store scam. Morale goes from the highest of highs to the lowest of lows?. Mama wants her son to be able to stand up like a man and have dignity and pride not to be ashamed of whom he is but to be an example for his son. The family also encounters the problem of the neighborhood that Mama bought the house in. It was an all-white part of town and they didn?t want any blacks living close to them, this was found out when a man named Karl came and offered the family money to buy the house from them, then Walter thinks it would a good idea to sell the house to make up for part of what he had lost. (Shmoop Editorial Team). ?Walter must decide between standing up for his family?s rights and standing up for his ego and role as the breadwinner of the family. Fortunately for the Youngers, and for Broadway history, Walter sides with his family?s rights and declines Karl?s offer. The family will move into their new home?. The Younger family stands up against the rejecting neighborhood and decides to move in any way as a family. The Younger family is a good example of what happens in today?s society and is never recognized by most, this is the fact that no matter what society or government or humanity throws at people, human beings we can overcome and conquer our biggest transgressors with just a little hope and love the Younger family realized this after the stress and pain that comes with conflict but overcome their problems and moved into their new house despite what others thought. People today need to realize where they come from, not the country or town or city but the family that raised them and taught them to love one another like a brother or sister. The world we live in today is a selfish world and needs more love and hope and freedom instead of hate, the people of the present and the future need to realize that it takes more than one kind or color of people to make up the world. The key idea to peace is not to love yourself and worry only about your own problems but to realize that family is the only thing in

Tuesday, March 17, 2020

Far and Away essays

Far and Away essays As Ms. Shannon Christie and Joseph Donelly migrate from Ireland to the United States they soon found out that it was not all that they imagine. While staying in the U.S they encouter many obstacle as well as hardship from working for cheap labor to living in a unhealthy condition all provided by the ward boss Mr. Mike Kelly. When Shannon and Joseph first arrived in the United States they were greeted by a boy who claim are you Irish? you have to go see Mr. Kelly, he is the ward boss around here and hell will take care of you. After Shannon realized that she was being mugged and have no money or a place to stay, Joseph decided to seek for the help of the Irish ward boss Mr. Kelly. As a ward boss, he will provide a work, lodging, apply for citicenship and protection and in return all they have to do is vote when voting time comes. Even though Joseph and Shannon was provided a job in the chicken factory but they treated very poorly and worst of all in a very unhealthy working environment. In couple of weeks, Joshep Donnelly soon realized that he can make more money in one boxing match then plucking chicken for a whole month. So he then box at a club owned by Mr. Kelly. Mr. Kelly can provide lifes necessities to the immigrants and can also take them away very quickly. Joshep was getting very successful u ntil he lost his last match and angry Mr. Kelly, so everything was taken away from him. In conclusion, the function of a ward boss who was appointed is to generate votes and their politics does not deal with political issues. For every immigrant from any race whenever they come to the United States, they can always turn to their ward boss for jobs, lodging and protection. ...

Saturday, February 29, 2020

9-11 and how it affected the United States Essay Example for Free (#11)

9-11 and how it affected the United States Essay ? Tuesday, September 11, 2001 was a day that devastated our entire nation and changed the lives of every American in some way. This was one of the most horrible tragedies in our nations history, because of all the lives lost and the twin towers that were demolished. The events that took place on September 11 had an outstanding effect on our country. The 9-11 tragedy was terrible yet unforgettable event. One year after this tragedy feels like a very short period of time. There was Pearl Harbor, Oklahoma City, and now 9-11 is added to the list of American tragedies. With all the deaths of 9-11 almost everyone knows someone or knows someone who knows someone that was either in the World Trade Center and survived or died in the World Trade Center. This is an extremely sad but true way to look at it. Our country now tries to move on from this terrible experience, but will never forget it. 9-11 affected everyone as a whole as well as personally. For better or for worse the September 11 tragedy changed America. Besides taking thousands of lives and knocking down the Twin Towers this tragedy has brought our nation closer together. We will now have another topic to add to the history books and pass on to prevent something like this from happening again. All Americans will remember where they were when the Twin Towers went down. Another affect anyone can see all around our country is patriotism. Everyone now has new pride in the United States. Although the events of 9-11 took so much away from us it made our country stronger as a whole. 9-11 and how it affected the United States. (2016, Jun 19).

Thursday, February 13, 2020

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional Essay

What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization - Essay Example Vincent points out that the present form of globalization is defective as it is largely shaped by the rules made by the superpowers and that is why these rules do not necessarily benefit the developing countries. (Friedman 1992). Globalisation has come to involve a delocalization of business activities which previously involved face-to-face interaction, or that were local, due to long distances. This significant delocalization has occurred in the social and economic exchanges and cultural barriers have been accordingly broken). Business and commerce has taken the most effect from this phenomena as the internet has proven to be a tool on Globalisation as e-commerce has revolutionized the entire business scene and broken the notion of geographical boundaries. Globalisation brings with it low costs and through better networking and transport better business networking is possible.The cost of disseminating information has reduced due to the advent of instantaneous

Saturday, February 1, 2020

LLB Company Law Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LLB Company Law - Coursework Example In answering the questions of the case, the paper will first present a thorough view of the form of private limited companies in order to advise Emma. She will be told about the advantages and disadvantages of them, and why it should be opted over partnership. The second part of this paper will advise Chris and David on whether they can go against the articles written down in their Articles of Association. If they can, then how they can go about it and if not, then what other options and alternatives they have will be considered. Private limited companies are often compared with either partnership which is one step behind or public limited companies which are a step forward. This means that if there are two or more people starting a company, they can either opt for partnership or a private limited company. They can also form a public limited company directly but it is ideal and normal to move to a plc from a private limited. Companies are usually started as private limited and then are gone public or 'floated' (Bendrey et al, 2004). A private limited company or Ltd. is a form of organization which is a legal entity. It is not only a legal entity but a separate legal entity. This means that company is separate from the shareholders. In other words, the company exists in its own rights and not through the shareholder (Carysforth, 2004). This is further explained as the concept of Limited Liability which will be discussed in detail later. Furthermore, the owners of the company are also the shareholders of the company (Carysforth, 2004). This means that in order to become owners, shares of the company need to be owned. The amount of shares held in the company can change with time and so can the number of shareholders, with no limit to them (Carysforth, 2009). Shares are sold to raise capital in a Ltd. The name suggests that shares are only sold privately and are not listed on the stock exchange. In order for a company to become a private limited company, many different legal requirements have to be met. Each of the points mentioned above will be discussed in more detail in the following sections. Legal Requirements In setting up a private limited company, Emma, Chris and David must understand that there are more legal requirements than partnership and lesser requirements and paperwork than public limited companies. In becoming a private limited company, the following legal requirements have to be met (Carysforth, 2004): A Memorandum of Association which has details about the company - its name, address, owners, liability, activities, objectives, etc - and an Articles of Associations that establishes how the company will be run by the directors must be produced before a company can become a limited one. There must be at least two people starting the company. In the case of this salon, this requirement is met because there are three partners. However, what is important to understand is that each owner must own shares. They can also add more people as owners by selling shares to them. The specifications which also include the Articles and Memorandum of Associations must be registered with the Registrar of Companies. The Registrar ensures the complete formation